At the core of every optical device is the lens. Its design directly determines what you see, how clearly you see it, and how comfortably you can work. From material selection to precision shaping and advanced coatings, each component plays a role in image quality, light transmission, and overall performance. This page breaks down the key elements of lens technology to help you better understand how optics are engineered for clarity, accuracy, and consistency in real-world use.
Optical Lens
A lens manipulates light through refraction, either concentrating or dispersing it. Unlike a prism that refracts without focusing, a lens concentrates light to create an image. Typically crafted from glass or plastic, lenses can also be fashioned from liquids, mimicking the focusing mechanism of the human eye. Glass lenses are meticulously shaped through grinding and polishing. In contrast, plastic lenses are formed by molding.
Simple Lens
Simple lenses use a single lens to refract light and is divided into eight types based on the curvature of their two optical surfaces. Converging (convex) lenses concentrate parallel rays of light, while diverging (concave) cause the rays of light to spread out.
Achromatic Lens
Achromatic lenses offer exceptional off-axis performance and are engineered to maintain a consistent focal length irrespective of aperture and operating wavelength. Typically produced as doublets or triplets, they provide superior color correction within the visible wavelength range. Their application is prominent in fields demanding precise analytical observation, such as microscopes and medical instruments.
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Spherical Lens
A spherical lens features a curved surface with a spherical shape. Initially categorized as convex or concave, it is further divided into Plano, double, and meniscus lenses within these groups.
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Aspherical Lens
Unlike spherical lenses, the aspherical lens utilizes a non-spherical curved surface. Its design aims to minimize spherical aberration, reducing the need for multiple lenses while achieving a distortion-free image.
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Cylindrical Lens
A cylindrical lens selectively focuses or magnifies light along a single axis, making it ideal for one-dimensional light manipulation applications.
Prisms
Prisms refract light to reflect (reflective prism), disperse (dispersive prism), or split (beam splitter) light. Prisms are usually made of glass, but any material can be used as long as the material is transparent and suitable to the designed wavelength. Common materials include glass, plastic and fluorite.
Prisms are designed with different surface angles depending on the application field. ILLUCO produces prisms with excellent surface precision and appearance quality based on 20 years' accumulated know-how and technology.
Basalm
Canada balsam is a resin obtained from canadian balsam tree. It has transparent pale yellow color and strong viscosity. Due to its high optical quality and similar refractive index to crown, this is commonly used for making adhesives for lenses and slides of microscope. In the prism, it is used as an adhesive to bond calcite cut diagonally at 68 degrees when making Nicole Prism, which is used to generate and analyze planar polarization.
| Prism | Refraction Angle | Left/Right Reversal | Upside Down |
| Right Angle Prism | 90 | ✓ | |
| Penta Prism | 90 | ||
| Half Penta Prism | 45 | ||
| Dove Prism | 0 | ✓ | ✓ |
| Schmidt Prism | 45 | ✓ | |
| Amici Roof Prism | 45 | ✓ | |
| Wedge Prism | Individual | ||
| Porro Prism | 180 | ✓ | ✓ |
| Roof Penta Prism | 90 | ✓ | |
| 3CCD Prism | RGB Separation |
| Technical Specifications | Type |
| Dimensions | Customized |
| Thickness | Customized |
| Angular Deviation | Customized |
| Surface Accuracy | 1/2λ ~ 1/20λ |
| Surface Quality | 40-20 ~ 0-0 |
| Materials | BK7, ZnSe, CCaF2, MgF2, SF10... |
Precision-Engineered Mirrors
Mirrors play a crucial role in optics by reflecting light within specific wavelength ranges, finding applications across various industries like telescopes, lasers, cameras, and fields such as life sciences, astronomy, instrumentation, semiconductors, and solar technology.
ILLUCO specializes in crafting optical mirrors using diverse coating techniques. These mirrors are tailored to reflect either a broad spectrum of wavelengths or specific ranges, precisely catering to the requirements of each application.
| Dielectric Mirror | Dielectric Coating, various coating options |
| Metallic Mirror Coating | AI, Au, Ag, Cu, Cr, Ni |
| Cold Mirror | NIR & IR transmission, VIS reflection |
| Hot Mirror | NIR & IR reflection, VIS transmission |
| Concave Mirror | Enlarged Image |
| Convex Mirror | Reduced Image |
| Dental Mirror | Dental Imaging Product |
| Technical Specification | |
| Surface Quality | 40-20 ~ 0-0 |
| Clear Aperature | 95~100% |
| Coating Specification | Customized |
| Coating Material | MgF2, AL2O3, Ti3O5, SiO2, Al, HfO2, Ta2O5, Au, Ag, Cr, Ni, etc. |
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Filters
An optical filter is designed to control light by selectively transmitting specific wavelengths (colors) while limiting others. Depending on its function, a filter may allow only longer wavelengths to pass (longpass), shorter wavelengths (shortpass), or a defined range in between (bandpass).
These filters play a critical role across optical systems (cameras, clinical devices, scientific instruments) by isolating the exact light needed for accurate visualization and analysis. They are especially essential in applications like fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy, where precise wavelength control directly impacts performance.
ILLUCO offers a wide range of optical filters, from standard color glass to advanced narrow bandpass filters with durable, high-performance coatings, engineered for consistency and reliability.
| Prism | Refraction Angle | Left/Right Reversal | Upside Down |
| Right Angle Prism | 90 | ✓ | |
| Penta Prism | 90 | ||
| Half Penta Prism | 45 | ||
| Dove Prism | 0 | ✓ | ✓ |
| Schmidt Prism | 45 | ✓ | |
| Amici Roof Prism | 45 | ✓ | |
| Wedge Prism | Individual | ||
| Porro Prism | 180 | ✓ | ✓ |
| Roof Penta Prism | 90 | ✓ | |
| 3CCD Prism | RGB Separation |
| Technical Specifications | Type |
| Dimensions | Customized |
| Thickness | Customized |
| Angular Deviation | Customized |
| Surface Accuracy | 1/2λ ~ 1/20λ |
| Surface Quality | 40-20 ~ 0-0 |
| Materials | BK7, ZnSe, CCaF2, MgF2, SF10... |
Precision-Engineered Mirrors
Mirrors play a crucial role in optics by reflecting light within specific wavelength ranges, finding applications across various industries like telescopes, lasers, cameras, and fields such as life sciences, astronomy, instrumentation, semiconductors, and solar technology.
ILLUCO specializes in crafting optical mirrors using diverse coating techniques. These mirrors are tailored to reflect either a broad spectrum of wavelengths or specific ranges, precisely catering to the requirements of each application.
| Dielectric Mirror | Dielectric Coating, various coating options |
| Metallic Mirror Coating | AI, Au, Ag, Cu, Cr, Ni |
| Cold Mirror | NIR & IR transmission, VIS reflection |
| Hot Mirror | NIR & IR reflection, VIS transmission |
| Concave Mirror | Enlarged Image |
| Convex Mirror | Reduced Image |
| Dental Mirror | Dental Imaging Product |
| Technical Specification | |
| Surface Quality | 40-20 ~ 0-0 |
| Clear Aperature | 95~100% |
| Coating Specification | Customized |
| Coating Material | MgF2, AL2O3, Ti3O5, SiO2, Al, HfO2, Ta2O5, Au, Ag, Cr, Ni, etc. |
Advanced Optical Coatings
| Ion Beam Sputtering Coating (IBS Coating) |
| Broadband AR Coating (BBAR) |
| Anti-Fog Coating |
| Laser Coatings |
| Technical Specification | Type |
| Surface Quality | 40-20 ~ 0-0 |
| Clear Aperature | 95~100% |
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